Abstract

WIGDOROVITZ DE WIKINSKI, Regina et al. Low density and remnant lipoproteins: different oxidation and atherogenesis mechanisms. Acta bioquím. clín. latinoam. [online]. 2010, vol.44, n.4, pp.643-646. ISSN 0325-2957.

Oxidized LDLs are well known critical factors in atherogenic mechanisms. LDLOX, but not native LDL, are found in atheromatous lesions where they stimulate cholesterol esterification and are degraded more rapidly by macrophages. The passage of native or modified LDL like small, dense LDL to the subendothelium, their oxidation by reactive oxygen species, the liberation of cytoquines with chemiotactic properties, the migration of monocytes into the subendothelium promoted by adhesion molecules, the evolution of monocytes to macrophages and the internalization of LDLOX into foam cells are fundamental steps in the early deposition of cholesterol in the subendothelium. Degradation of triglyceride rich-lipoproteins, VLDL and chylomicrons, respectively, produces intermediate density lipoproteins and Chylomicron remnants, both known as Remnant Lipoproteins (RLP), and the increase in circulating free fatty acid levels, contribute to endothelium damage and an overall inflammation syndrome. RLP may be oxidized in plasma, and an endothelial specific receptor allows their binding to the endothelial cells and apoptosis giving rise to endothelium injury, an increase in cytokine liberation and an uptake of RLP by foam cells, the first step in the development of atheromatous lesions.

Keywords : Intermediate density lipoproteins; Chylomicron remnants; Oxidation; Subendothelial sites; Endothelial cells.

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