Abstract

AGRIMBAU VAZQUEZ, Jorge Diego et al. Pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation and basic skills training for emergency assistance. Salud(i)ciencia [online]. 2017, vol.22, n.5, pp.430-436. ISSN 1667-8682.

Abstract The new developments in pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) (AHA 2015) and basic and advanced life support are reviewed schematically in cases of cardiopulmonary arrest in children. In this article we summarize the key aspects and major changes made to the previous update (2010). It is suggested that a Pediatric Emergency Team and a Rapid Response Team to provide fast and effective care should be incorporated in hospitals. A scoring system (PEWS) is described that will allow for the identification and prediction of patients at risk of decompensation due to different etiologies. Initial treatment of severe sepsis and septic shock with a fluid bolus of 20 ml/kg in infants and children with crystalloid or colloid fluids is indicated. The C-A-B sequence from the 2010 guides for pediatric CPR is maintained (although the recommendations of ILCOR 2015 attach the same importance to both "A-B-C" and "C-A-B" sequences). The depth of chest compression should be at least one third of the anteroposterior diameter, or approximately 4 cm in infants. In children and adults compressions are equivalent to depressing no more than 5 to 6 cm, with a compression frequency of 100 to 120 CPM. If lay rescuers do not want, or cannot, provide sufficient ventilation, we recommend that chest compressions should be performed. For treatment of non-pulsed VF and VT, an initial shock (2 to 4 J/kg) with mono or biphasic defibrillator should be applied, followed by chest compressions; subsequent doses of e" 4 J/kg are safe and effective.

Keywords : cardiopulmonary arrest; basic life support; pediatric emergency; advanced life support.

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