Resumen

PEDROZO, W. R.; BONNEAU, G. A.; CASTILLO RASCON, M. S.  y  MARIN, G.. Prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome in adolescents from Posadas, Misiones, Argentina. Rev. argent. endocrinol. metab. [online]. 2008, vol.45, n.4, pp.131-141. ISSN 1851-3034.

The Metabolic Syndrome (MS) results from an association of metabolic abnormalities that could lead to DBT 2 and Cardiovascular Disease (CVD). Atherosclerosis begins during childhood and progresses into adolescence depending on cardiovascular risk factors ^(1-5). The aim of this study was: 1) Estimation of metabolic syndrome and obesity prevalence according to age and sex. 2) Assessment of metabolic risk linked to obesity. 3) Correlation of obesity with MS parameters in adolescents of Posadas, capital city of Misiones province. Subjects: the population studied was a representative sampling of 532 students recruited during the year of 2005 (NC=95 %), aged from 11 to 20 years old (mean=15 years)- 60 % of them were women. MS was defined following the Adult Treatment Panel III criteria and age-modified according to Cook. Participation in the trial was optional and written consent was obtained from parents or tutors. Authorization model was based on Helsinki⁽²⁴⁾. Methods: weight, height and waist perimeter (WP) data were recorded under WHO standards. Blood pressure was evaluated regarding American Health Organization recommendations⁽²⁰⁾. Cole et al. tables⁽²³⁾ were used to classify subjects as normal, overweighed and obese depending on their BMI. Own reference data were registered for WP in 2861 further students in the same schools previously chosen, with the calculation of the 90^th percentile in normal teen-agers for age and sex. Blood samples with 12-hours of fasting were collected and glucose, triglyceride and HDL-cholesterol were measured by enzymatic colorimetric methods, with internal control from a pool serum prepared at the laboratory, and an external control provided by the Argentine Biochemical Foundation. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 11.S program, and chi square or Mann Whitney Statistical tests when needed, with a significance level >/= 95 % (p<0.05); for risk calculation Odds Ratio (OR) 95 % of confidence interval. Results: 4,5 % showed MS (table 1). They were male subjects aged from 15 to 20 years old with obesity and overweight. 44.7 % had at least one of MS compounds (Table 1). Triglyceride was the most frequent raised analyte, followed by HDL diminished, high blood pressure and high waist perimeter (Table 2). 11.7 % showed overweight and 3,4 were obese (Tables 2 and 3), No significant difference was found for age and sex. Risk for MS increased related to obesity grade (OR overweight= 39.71, CI 10,93-144,18), (OR obese = 119,73 CI 27,6-519,41). BMI correlated significantly to all MS parameters (Table 4). Conclusions: About 1400 students from Posadas should have MS, with its high risk for DBT 2 and /or CVD. School and Community programs to change nutritional habits and increase physical activity should be necessary to face this concerning situation.

Palabras clave : Adolescents; Metabolic Syndrome; Obesity; Risk factors.

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