Resumen

FAIR, Hernán. Economía política y pugnas por la hegemonía. Disputas en torno al núcleo nodal de la hegemonía neoliberal y los proyectos de devaluación y dolarización durante la crisis del 2001. Sociohistórica [online]. 2019, n.43, pp.75-75. ISSN 1852-1606.  http://dx.doi.org/https://doi.org/10.24215/18521606e075.

This article analyzes the discourses of the main power actors around the nodal nucleus of neoliberal hegemony in Argentina, through the public-mediatic positions and disputes about the key signifiers Convertibility and Stability and the devaluation and dollarization projects, during the crisis of December 2001. It found that a minority of the key political actors supported, with nuances, the basics of the neoliberal order, which in this phase were articulated extensively to the preservation of the financial system and savings, governability and institutional stability. At the same time, a plurality of political actors criticized, with different intensities, Convertibility, its regressive effects and official interpellations, although they maintained a tacit support to stability. In this final stretch of the crisis, the option of dollarization was readapted from a financial-neoliberal project of weighted fluctuation of the exchange rate and subsequent dollarization of the economy. This involved extreme the convertible scheme and the fiscal adjustment. However, the dollarization project was contested by heterodox referents and rejected also by the President. When analyzing the alternative discourses around devaluation, it found that, except for a few isolated voices, the predominant actors did not mention or explicitly rejected this proposal, which symbolized anti-community. In turn, a set of power actors enunciated the devaluation and dollarization signifiers, which was added the danger of default, although without endorsing such projects. These referents were limited to verify the crisis situation and to project, with different degrees of pessimism, a devaluation, dollarization and/or debt cessation of payments, but without supporting any of these alternatives. Finally, in this phase it staged a radicalized heterodox variant of covert devaluation. This proposal consisted in a flexibilization and exchange flotation with de-dollarization to build an alternative country model that redistributes income, protects labor and the domestic market and promotes national productive development. However, these projects antagonistic to the neoliberal order constituted minority positions, isolated and disjointed at political-institutional and social level. In this way, they did not have the necessary consensus either the performative force to articulate another development model. It is concluded that the hegemonic disarticulation and the mutual vetoes between the power actors obturated the possibility of making feasible an alternative program to the Convertibility Regime.

Palabras clave : Disputes over hegemony; Discourse Analysis; Convertibility Model; Projects of Devaluation; Dollarization; Politics and Economy.

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