Resumen

ORDEN, Alicia B. et al. Evaluación del estado nutricional en escolares de bajos recursos socioeconómicos en el contexto de la transición nutricional. Arch. argent. pediatr. [online]. 2005, vol.103, n.3, pp.205-211. ISSN 0325-0075.

Introduction. Developing countries are changing as a result of the economic, epidemiological, demographic and nutritional transitions. In some of them, nutritional transition presents the coexistence of undernutrition along with obesity. Objectives. To determine -by anthropometry- (a) the nutritional status and prevalences of undernutrition and overweight in a sample of low income schoolchildren and (b) such prevalences in the context of nutrition transition. Population, material and methods. A cross sectional study on 711 males and females aged 3-14 years old, attending to public schools of the city of Brandsen. Weight, height and subscapular and tricipital skinfold thicknesses were measured, and body mass and subscapular/tricipital indexes were calculated. Data were transformed to Z scores using the national reference. Z scores less than -2 were used as cut-off points to determine underweight for age, low height for age and low weight for height. Body mass index was used to define overweight/obesity according to the recommendations of the International Obesity Task Force. Results. While prevalences of overweight reached 17%, those of underweight, stunting and wasting were not higher than 3%. Overweighted children showed a significant increase of subcutaneous fat, although there was a greater tendency in subscapular skinfold, exposing them to a high risk of centralized adiposity. Conclusions. The low percentage of undernutrition in contrast to the high prevalence of overweight/ obesity would reflect what has been observed in other studies on Latin American transitional populations, where undernutrition is being replaced by obesity, particularly in the poorest segments of society.

Palabras clave : Nutritional transition; Undernutrition; Overweight.

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