Abstract

POMILIO, Alicia Beatriz; CIPRIAN OLLIVIER, Jorge Oscar  and  VITALE, Arturo Alberto. Flavoproteins acting as amine oxidases: Structure, function and clinical significance. Acta bioquím. clín. latinoam. [online]. 2013, vol.47, n.2, pp.279-305. ISSN 0325-2957.

The activity of flavoenzymes as amine oxidases involved in the metabolism of biogenic amines as bioregulators is highlighted, particularly for cell growth and differentiation. The classification of amine oxidases includes flavoenzymes and quinoenzymes. Amine oxidases that are flavoproteins, such as monoamine oxidases and polyamine oxidases, are analyzed herein. The isoforms, structures and functions of both enzyme families, their substrates and inhibitors, the expression of MAO-A and MAO-B in human tissues, and their clinical implications are discussed. Platelet MAO is a biomarker of mental and neurodegenerative disorders. Selective MAO-A inhibitors proved to be effective antidepressants, while some MAO-B inhibitors are used for treatment of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. The identification of high concentrations of polyamines in a variety of diseases, from psoriasis to cancer and parasitic infections, makes handling their metabolism a therapeutic or preventive target for the treatment of some diseases. Also polyamine oxidase activity on polyamine metabolism in humans, compared to those present in plants, bacteria and protists,is discussed. Polyamines and the enzymes involved in their metabolism play important roles in the aging processes, as well as in certain diseases such as cancer, diabetes mellitus, stroke, kidney failure, and defined psychiatric disorders.

Keywords : Flavoproteins; Amine oxidases; Monoamine oxidases; Polyamine oxidases; Structure; Function; Clinical significance.

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