Abstract

POMILIO, Alicia Beatriz; VITALE, Martín Gustavo; CIPRIAN OLLIVIER, Jorge Oscar  and  VITALE, Arturo Alberto. Clinical implications of small molecule-methyltransferases. Acta bioquím. clín. latinoam. [online]. 2016, vol.50, n.1, pp.77-98. ISSN 0325-2957.

Natural methylations, and those pathological related with dysfunctions in one-carbon metabolism involving the folate and methionine cycles are addressed herein. Since the enzymes that catalyze these reactions are methyltransferases, we analyze those S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAMe)-dependent enzymes occurring in humans, and mammals in general. An important role is played by the so-called small-molecule methyltransferases, which were neglected for years, but have reappeared as some of them are involved in altering perception in humans. In this work the clinical importance of the activation and/or inhibition of some small-molecule methyltransferases is emphasized, illustrated by reference to phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase, catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT), histamine N-methyltransferase, 5-hydroxyindole O-methyltransferase (HOMT), and indoleethylamine N-methyltransferase (INMT). A historical analysis of methyltransferases acting on indole substrates is carried out, with emphasis on indole N-methyltransferases, particularly characteristics and location as well as importance in schizophrenia of indoleethylamine N-methyltransferase. Then, the possible etiopathology of schizophrenia is discussed, highlighting malfunctions and damages arising from folate and methionine cycles. In this regard clinical implications of methylation are discussed, with emphasis on serotonergic dysfunction in psychiatric disorders and schizophrenia, exemplifying with research of this laboratory in patients and rabbits.

Keywords : Methylation; Small-molecule methyltransferases; One-carbon metabolism; Indoleethylamine N-methyltransferase; Serotonergic dysfunction; Schizophrenia.

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