Resumo

POMILIO, Alicia Beatriz; CIPRIAN OLLIVIER, Jorge Oscar  e  VITALE, Arturo Alberto. Role and clinical significance of the lysyl oxidase enzyme. Acta bioquím. clín. latinoam. [online]. 2016, vol.50, n.4, pp.753-772. ISSN 0325-2957.

Lysyl oxidase (LOX) is a copper-containing quinoenzyme, having lysyl-tyrosyl-quinone as cofactor. This amino oxidase catalyzes the oxidative deamination of lysine residues in collagen and elastin precursors. Its biosynthesis, catalytic properties and reaction mechanism, cofactors and inhibitors as well as expression and response to various cellular effectors have previously been reported. In the present paper, functions and clinical implications of LOX are analyzed, since LOX levels are increased in many fibrotic diseases, and in some tumors promoting metastasis, whereas the expression of the enzyme is decreased in diseases involving deterioration in copper metabolism. LOX shows paradoxical roles in cancer both suppressing and promoting tumors. The role of LOX in atherogenesis and endothelial dysfunction, eye disorders, fibrosis, iatrogenic diseases, bone regeneration, and increased risk of cardiovascular disease, among others, are addressed. Recent developments related to the proangiogenic action of copper and functions of LOX precursor protein, whose expression levels are associated with various cancers, are discussed.

Palavras-chave : Lysyl oxidase; Quinoenzyme; Amino-oxidase; Roles; Clinical significance.

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