Abstract

BAGUR, Alicia. Low bone mass, primary and secondary osteoporosis in premenopausal women. Acta bioquím. clín. latinoam. [online]. 2017, vol.51, n.2, pp.221-226. ISSN 0325-2957.

There is little information about low bone mass and osteoporosis in premenopausal women. Only 2% of young women consult to evaluate the presence of osteoporosis. A total of 50% of premenopausal women have a disease or take a medication that lessens their bone mass. The causes must be carefully investigated to arrive at a correct diagnosis. Diagnosing low bone mass up after ruling out secondary osteoporosis and its etiology is genetically related to low peak bone mass. Primary osteoporosis presents a very reduced bone mineral density (BMD) with bone fragility fractures. The etiology is not clear yet: genetics marks 50-80% of what happens with bone mass. Decreased osteoblast function, IGF1 resistance, decreased growth hormone, low estradiol levels, altered expression receptor a-estrogenic of osteoblasts, altered dynamics of PTH secretion, and increased excretion of interleukin-1 have been found in different populations. The diagnosis is not only performed by densitometry but also through bone biochemical markers and radiographs of thoracic and lumbar spine radiographs that can diagnose asymptomatic vertebral fractures. The International Society for Clinical Densitometry (ISCD) and Argentine guidelines suggest definition premenopausal osteoporosis by BMD Z -score, in which a value up to -2.0 is considered normal. The treatment is based primarily on healthy habits for the bone: intake of calcium and vitamin D or calcium and vitamin D supplements, physical activity, and avoiding damaging substances to the bone, like alcohol and tobacco in excess. When BMD is very low or there is a rapid loss of BMD or fragility fractures, teriparatide treatment has proven effective. The bisphosphonates should be indicated only in special patients with osteoporosis. When a secondary osteoporosis is diagnosed, the treatment given is for the disease that has caused it. Each patient must be analyzed with great care to arrive at the correct diagnosis and the best treatment.

Keywords : Premenopausal osteoporosis; Premenopausal low bone mass; Premenopausal secondary osteoporosis.

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