Abstract

POMILIO, Alicia Beatriz; BATTISTA, Stella Maris  and  ALONSO, Ángel. Micetismos: Parte 3: Síndromes tempranos gastrointestinales. Acta bioquím. clín. latinoam. [online]. 2019, vol.53, n.2, pp.217-244. ISSN 0325-2957.

This part 3 of the series of four articles on mushroom poisoning refers to early-onset gastrointestinal syndromes, which are characterized by a very short latency period of less than 6 hours after mushroom ingestion. The remaining early-onset syndromes with complex symptoms will be treated in Part 4 of the series. Currently, more than 200 species responsible for gastrointestinal syndromes are known, but in this paper only ten examples will be addressed involving the genera Boletus [e.g., Boletus satanas (or Rubroboletus satanas), and Boletus venenatus (or Neoboletus venenata)], Hypholoma, Agaricus (e.g., Agaricus xanthodermus), Omphalotus, Lactarius, Russula, Entoloma, Chlorophyllum (e.g., Chlorophyllum molybdetes), and Leucoprinus (e.g., Leucoprinus birnbaumii). The toxins involved in these cases have a great structural variety, from proteins to terpenoids, in particular sesquiterpenoids and triterpenoids, vinylglycine, phenol, and azocompounds, but all show the same symptoms. These substances and other mushroom chemical constituents are usually indigestible, with varying consumer susceptibility. The treatment is supportive and is strictly for those cases with more severe dehydration. Usually, the cases progress favourably after 12 to 48 hours.The symptoms, toxins involved, mechanisms of action when known, and the species of mushrooms responsible for the mycetisms are analysed.

Keywords : Early-onset mycetisms; Gastrointestinal syndromes; Latency period; Boletus; Hypholoma; Agaricus; Omphalotus; Lactarius; Russula; Entoloma; Chlorophyllum; Leucoprinus; Toxins; Treatment.

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