Abstract

POMILIO, Alicia Beatriz; BATTISTA, Stella Maris  and  ALONSO, Ángel. Micetismos: Parte 4: Síndromes tempranos con síntomas complejos. Acta bioquím. clín. latinoam. [online]. 2019, vol.53, n.3, pp.361-396. ISSN 0325-2957.

This Part 4 of the series of four articles on mushroom poisonings refers to early-onset syndromes, which are characterized by a very short latency period, and the appearance of complex symptoms in less than 6 hours after mushroom ingestion. The following mycetisms are discussed, (1) Peripheral cholinergic, or muscarinic syndrome due to Inocybe and Clitocybe species. (2) Immunohaemolytic or haemolytic syndrome by Paxillus. (3) Allergic pneumonic syndrome due to Lycoperdon perlatum, and Pholiota nameko. (4) Glutaminergic neurotoxic, or pantherinic syndrome by isoxazole compounds or pantherina/muscaria syndrome. (5) Coprinic or cardiovascular syndrome. (6) Hallucinogenic neurotoxic syndrome due to psilocybin and indole derivatives. (7) Psychotropic syndrome by styrylpirones and gymnopilins of Gymnopilus spectabilis or G. junonius. (8) Rhabdomyolysis acute syndrome due to Russula subnigricans. (9) Cyanogenic syndrome by Marasmius oreades. (10) Immunosuppressive syndrome by macrocyclic trichothecenes of Podostroma cornu-damae. (11) Haemolytic syndrome due to ostreolisine of Pleurotus ostreatus, and related species. The symptoms, toxins involved, mechanisms of action, when known, and the species of mushrooms responsible for the mycetisms are analyzed.

Keywords : Early-onset mycetisms; Toxindromes with complex symptoms; Lycoperdon perlatum; Pholiota nameko; Amanita pantherina/Amanita muscaria; Gymnopilus spectabilis (G. junonius); Russula subnigricans; Marasmius oreades; Podostroma cornu-damae; Pleurotus ostreatus; Inocybe; Clitocybe; Paxillus; Coprinopsis; Coprinus; Psilocybe; Panaeolus; Conocybe; Pluteus; Stropharia; Toxins; Treatment.

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