Resumo

DE ZAN, Julio. Universalismo y particularismo en la ética de Kant. Tópicos [online]. 2005, n.13, pp.63-89. ISSN 1666-485X.

This article raises (1) the issue of the foundation of ethics in the situation of the pluralism of modern and contemporary society. Then (2), two types of answers to these problems are analyzed: comunitarism as the identitary ethics of an 'ourselves', and contractualism as the ethics of the partners' interests, which present themselves as rival theories in opposition to the universalism of kantian morality. It is however shown (3), how Kant himself had already worked at different levels of human integration with both models: that of social contract and that of ethical community, and had articulated them in his system. The universal principle of morality (4), on the other hand, places itself at the meta-level of the profound grammar of the ethos of communities and contracts (Metaphysik der Sitten). Finally, it is observed (5) that Kant´s fundamental ethical texts have not explicitly dealt with the hermeneutical problem of moral judgment in contexts of action. However, some passages of the Grundlegung are analyzed, as well as the Second Part of the Critique of Practical Reason, in which we find precise indications on this issue. It is maintained, that the observed lack of treatment may be bridged by means of widening the scope of the doctrine of reflexive judgment of aesthetic taste of the Third Critique's first part, which appears relevant, not for the foundation of the principle of morality, but for its application, i.e., for moral life.

Palavras-chave : Kant; universalism / particularism; pluralism; morality.

        · resumo em Espanhol     · texto em Espanhol     · Espanhol ( pdf )