Abstract

DUVAL, M; GALANTINI, J; IGLESIAS, J  and  KRUGER, H. El cultivo de trigo en la región semiárida bonaerense: impacto sobre algunas propiedades químicas del suelo. RIA. Rev. investig. agropecu. [online]. 2013, vol.39, n.2, pp.178-184. ISSN 1669-2314.

The intensification of the agriculture in the Semiarid Region was characterized by a decrease of the area destined for pastures, in favour of the surface with monoculture of wheat. In this context, crop rotation, fertilization, and the residue management and soil water are fundamental to increasing the productivity of wheat in this region. The objective was to quantify the qualitative and quantitative changes in production systems on some properties of a semiarid soil from Buenos Aires after 22 years of production. The study was conducted in the EEA INTA Bordenave. We studied the following crop sequences: WW CT (wheat monoculture with conservation tillage (CT), 1983-2006), WW NT (wheat monoculture with CT, 1983-1999, and no-till (NT), 1999-2006) and WG (conventional management, wheat and grazing of natural grasses, alternatively one year each). Total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (Nt), extractable phosphorus (Pe) and pH in water were measured. Fractionation was performed by particle size, which was determined the OC and N. In general, TOC levels showed a significant effect of rotation, fertilization and tillage. In not fertilized treatments, conventional management presented higher levels of TOC and monoculture the greatest losses. In fertilized plots, TOC levels were significantly higher in NT accumulated mainly in the first 5 cm of soil, without differences in soil tillage. In 0-20 cm showed higher concentrations of POC in monoculture than in conventional management. Nt was significantly higher in conventional management respect of wheat monoculture without fertilizer. The NT was the only system that produced significant differences by effect of fertilization. Fertilization was a tendency for accumulation of Pe versus non-fertilized in depth (5-10 and 10-20 cm), remained significant in the monoculture treatment. For the conditions of soil and climate of the region, including the NT as management practices improved soil organic status only when combined with the use of fertilizers.

Keywords : Crop rotation; Tillage; Fertilization.

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