Resumen

LERNER, S.E; ARATA, A.F  y  ARRIGONI, A.C. Relación entre eficiencia de uso del nitrógeno y calidad industrial en variedades argentinas de Trigo Pan (Triticum Aestivum L.) con distinta composición de gluten. RIA. Rev. investig. agropecu. [online]. 2016, vol.42, n.1, pp.29-40. ISSN 1669-2314.

The efficient use of nitrogen in crops can minimize environmental risks and maximize returns to farmers. This can be achieved by adjusting the fertilization management and/or using the genetic variability. In addition to its effect on yield, N has a significant effect on the quality of wheat grains. The latter is also influenced by the gluten protein composition and the environment. The aim of this work was to study the relationship between N recovery efficiency and its partitioning between grain and stover with industrial quality attributes in Argentinean bread wheat varieties of different cycle and with different allelic composition of gliadins and glutenins. In the current work, field trials of 27 Argentinean bread wheat varieties of different cycle were carried out during 2011/12 season, in Azul, Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. The fertilizer treatments were: control treatment (T) and fertilized treatment (F) with split application of urea at variable rates to reach 210 kg N/ha. The following characteristics were determined: grain yield and its components, parameters of N use efficiency, alveographic parameters, sedimentation volume, protein content, wet gluten content and N stover content. The protein pattern of each variety was identified by polyacrylamide gels. The genotype was the main source of variation for total recovery efficiency, grain recovery efficiency and stover recovery efficiency. The N harvest index decreased from 0.81 in control to 0.73 in fertilized treatments on average, and variety*treatment interaction was significant. The protein content in grains and the dough extensibility were highly dependent on the level of N while the baking strength it was of the genotype. The ability to partition N to grain explained the relationship between the extensibility and the N recovery efficiency. The assessment of high molecular weight glutenin alleles was not strictly coincided with Quality Group of the variety showing the influence of other protein fractions and their interaction with the environment. The expression of the genetic potential attributed to the allelic composition of gluten may be regulated in part by N use efficiency attributes.

Palabras clave : Nitrogen recovery; End use quality; Glutenins; Gliadins.

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