Resumen

ROMANIUK, R et al. Efecto a corto plazo de la inclusión de vicia y trigo como cultivos de cobertura sobre el C, N y P en distintas fracciones de la materia orgánica, y la disponibilidad de macro y micronutrientes. RIA. Rev. investig. agropecu. [online]. 2018, vol.44, n.2, pp.48-60. ISSN 1669-2314.

The use of soybean as the main summer crop followed by the long fall-winter fallow periods, have resulted in a significant reduction of residues contribution and consequently, in the edaphic organic matter and associated nutrients. The intensification of the crop sequence by winter cover crops (CC) inclusion emerges as a sustainable strategy to generate a more efficient use of the resources. The aim of this research was to evaluate the short-term effect of the inclusion of wheat and vetch as cover crops predecessor to maize and soybean crops, on the availability of macro and micronutrients, and on the different organic matter fractions and associated nutrients in a Tipic Argiudoll. The study was carried out in San Antonio de Areco, Buenos Aires province, and consist in a completely randomized block design. The treatments were: fallow / soybean, wheat CC / soybean, vetch CC/ soybean, and fallow / maize, fallow / fertilized maize, wheat CC/ maize, wheat CC / fertilized maize, vetch CC / maize, vetch CC/ maize fertilized. Measurements of available macro (Ca, Mg and K) and micronutrients (Zn, Mn, Fe, Cu) and carbon, phosphorus and nitrogen in different soil fraction were determined in the first 5 cm depth after harvest of the main crops. The inclusion of CC increased the organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in the most labile soil fraction (coarse fraction) in the short term (one crop cycle). These increases were generally higher when vetch was used as CC. After soybean harvest, soil micronutrients concentration (Zn, Mn, Cu and Fe) were higher in the treatments with CC compared to the control. Under maize, both CC increased soil Mg, K in compared to fallow, while the Vetch treatment presented higher Mn and Fe concentrations than the wheat treatment (p <0.05). These results show the positive effect in the short term of the inclusion of CC, not only on the increases in labile carbon and associated nutrients (N and P), but also on the availability of micronutrients in soil.

Palabras clave : Available macro and micronutrients; Particulate organic carbon; Mitrogen and phosphorous; Soybea; Maize.

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