Resumen

BARBIERI, P.A; ECHEVERRIA, H.E  y  SAINZ ROZAS, H. R. Métodos de colocación de fósforo en trigo y maíz bajo siembra directa en el sudeste bonaerense. RIA. Rev. investig. agropecu. [online]. 2018, vol.44, n.3, pp.301-308. ISSN 1669-2314.

No till (SD) produces physical, chemical and biological changes in the soil and can affect crop P availability. Efficient use of fertilizers should combine factors such as rate, timing, placement method and source in a way to maximizes grain yield minimizing nutrient losses to the environment. The objective was to evaluate wheat (Triticum aestibum, L.) and maize (Zea mays, L.) crops response to P rate and placement method (banded 5 cm beside and below the seeds or broadcast 3 months before sowing) on grain yield, grain P content and fertilizer recovery efficiency. The experiments were carried out at Tandil (southeast of Buenos Aires Province) with a long history under SD. The experimental design was in randomized complete blocks with a factorial combination of P rate (0, 25 and 50 kg ha^-1) and placement methods (in-line and broadcast three months before sowing). No interaction P rate and placement method were determined in both crops. Grain yield and grain P content was increased by rate and there were no differences between placement methods. Grain yield increases from P (average of fertilized treatments and control) was similar for both crops, 18 and 20% for wheat and maize, respectively. Similar result was determined for P content in grain, with increases of 22 and 28% for wheat and maize, respectively. In both crops, fertilizer recovery efficiency was not affected by P rate or placement method (17.4 and 12.1% for 25 and 50 kg P ha^-1; 14.2 and 15.3% for broadcast and in-line, respectively). The results indicate that in stabilized no till system at southeast of Buenos Aires Province, soils with high OM content and biological activity, the efficiency of P use would be similar for broadcast or in-line applications

Palabras clave : Fertilization; Phosphorus; No till; Wheat; Corn.

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