Resumen

SOMOZA, A; VAZQUEZ, P  y  ZULAICA, L. Implementación de buenas prácticas agrícolas para la gestión ambiental rural. RIA. Rev. investig. agropecu. [online]. 2018, vol.44, n.3, pp.398-423. ISSN 1669-2314.

The rural systems have been submitted to a process of increasing conversion that has provoked big structural and functional changes in the agroecosistemas of the region. The replacement of natural pastures and native forests for artificial meadows and the substitution of these for annual cultures with the incorporation of technology, allowed to raise significantly the economic productivity of these lands. But at the same time, they modified the flows of energy, the mineral cycles, the hydrological process, the stability and fertility of the soils, the habitat and the biodiversity of the region. The Region Pampeana Austral (RPA) is an example of how the changes in the use of the land sharpen the environmental problems and drive to a structural and functional simplification of the productive systems. The aim of this study is evaluate the environmental situation of a rural representative establishment of Tandil for the application of Good Agricultural Practices (BPA). The methodology has been divided in two stages: a) analysis of the points of control raised by the BPA, were used primary sources (direct observation in fieldwork, check list of the Manual BPA (2013), interviews semi-structured directed) and secondary sources (documentary records of the activities realized in the establishment, Manual of Good Agricultural Practices Global Gap (2013); and b) Matriz FODA was created for the comprehension of the environmental situation of the rural establishment evaluated of a cuali-quantitative and synthetic way. Of the total of the evaluated aspects, 60% of the points of control analyzed presents an environmental situation ideal or adapted for the incorporation of BPA and 40% of them an awkward situation. Then, it is possible to conclude that most of the processes and actions carried out in the rural establishment are favorable for the putting in BPA’s march. Nevertheless, it should be noted that there are impacts, such as those produced on biodiversity, that must be overcome to improve the environmental situation of unfavorable control points. The conclusions show that different measures to reduce impacts were identified. However, while incorporating techniques that increase sustainability in terms of soil conservation, the demand for energy inputs, agrochemicals and the amount of liters used per year increases. It is expected to provide a preliminary overview for the implementation of GAP, not only analyzing strengths and opportunities, but also taking corrective measures regarding threats and weaknesses. At the same time, it is intended to contribute to the analysis of the environmental management of agroecosystems, starting from the application to a specific case study and with a possible methodology to apply in other rural establishments of similar characteristics. It would be fundamental from this work the awareness of the producers, the incorporation of practices tending to the environmental sustainability and the development of policies for a future environmental territorial order.

Palabras clave : Agricultural techniques; Rural environmental situation; Natural socio-economic impacts; Agricultural sustainability; Agroecological transition.

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