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Ciencia del suelo

versão On-line ISSN 1850-2067

Resumo

CAZORLA, Cristian Román; CISNEROS, José Manuel; MORENO, Inés Selva  e  GALARZA, Carlos Martín. Mejora en el carbono del suelo y estabilidad de agregados por fertilización y cultivos de cobertura. Cienc. suelo [online]. 2017, vol.35, n.2, pp.301-313. ISSN 1850-2067.

Soil organic carbon levels (SOC) decreased with soybean monoculture and can affect physical properties. The objectives of this study were: (i) to determine the effect of fertilization and cover crops (CC) on soil organic carbon and nitrogen (SOC and NOS), particulate organic carbon and nitrogen (POC and PON), soil organic carbon and nitrogen associated to mineral fraction (AOC and AON) and physical properties and (ii) to identify relationship between variables. This study was carried out in a long-term field experiment established in 1993 at Marcos Juárez. The effect of three fertilization levels was evaluated: no fertilizer (NF), mean fertilizer (MF) and replacement fertilizer (RF); cover crops (CC) with MF (MF + CC) and pasture (P). SOC, SON, POC and PON (2000-212, 212-53 and < 53 µm) contents at 0-5, 5-10 and 10-18 cm depth were determined with a LECO C analyzer. Also, bulk density (BD) and aggregate stability (AS) in two different humidity levels, fast wetting (FW) and slow wetting (SW), were determined. Treatment RF and MF + CC showed higher SOC and POC (2000-212 and 212-53 µm) contents at 0-5 and 5-10 cm depth. To maintain SOC levels at 33.4 Mg ha-1 a C residue input of 3 Mg ha-1 is needed. The RF and FM+CC modified AS at SW at 0-5 and 5-10 cm depth, whereas AS at FW was modified at 5-10 cm depth. The BD was not influenced by treatments. A negative relationship was observed between SOC and BD (R2 =0.91). AE FW and POC were correlated and also a AE SW and POC < 53 µm correlation was observed. Fertilizer and CC incorporation could be used to increase soil sustainability or productivity.

Palavras-chave : Continuous soybean; Particulate organic carbon; Aggregate stability.

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