Resumen

MOISES, Juliana et al. UTILIZATION OF SUNFLOWER HULLS WITH DIFFERENT TRANSFORMATIONS AS POTENTIAL ORGANIC AMENDMENTS ON WINTER WHEAT CROP. Cienc. suelo [online]. 2022, vol.40, n.2, pp.257-267.  Epub 21-Abr-2023. ISSN 1850-2067.

The biotransformation of agro-industrial organic residues, such as sunflower hulls (Helianthus annuus L.) (CG) can modify its chemical properties and thus favor its use as amendments. The objectives of this study were to characterize chemically and spectrometrically the CG subjected to different transformations and evaluate its effect on the production of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) when applied to the soil. A trial was carried out in pots under controlled conditions of humidity and temperature. Different transformations of the CG (composting, use of lignocellulite fungi and mixture with urea) and without modification were evaluated. At each CG treatment, organic matter (OM), organic carbon (OC), total nitrogen, pH, electrical conductivity (EC) were determined and they were characterized by UV-vis from their humic substances. Different level inputs of the treatments were established according to their amount of equivalent organic nitrogen (N): 0, 50, 100 and 150 kg N ha-1. After 55 days of sowing, wheat was harvested and the dry matter (DM) production was determined. Increases in the DM production of wheat were observed with the application of composted CG in relation to the control, while in the remaining treatments the DM production was not modified or decreased. The effect on DM production was clearly related to the materials quality differences, mainly associated with its C:N ratio. The composted CG presented the lowest C:N (22), being the treatment with the highest wheat DM production. A threshold C:N of 38 was established, where lower ratios favor mineralization and higher immobilization. The biotransformation modified the chemical properties of the original material, reducing the C:N and increasing the absorbance coefficients 254 to 465 (E2/E4), 254 to 665 (E2/ E6) and 465 to 665 nm (E4/E6). The UV-Vis technique provided complementary information for the structural quality of these materials deepening the understanding about its potential use organic amendments.

Palabras clave : Organic matter; agroindustrial residues; biotransformation; southwest of Buenos Aires Province.

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