Background:

Valvular heart disease is a prevalent pathology with considerable morbidity and mortality. Despite it represents a well-known public health problem, there is no epidemiological data available in our country. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and etiology of valvular heart disease in ambulatory patients referred for transthoracic echocardiography.

Methods:

A retrospective, observational and multicenter registry was carried out with the participation of 18 Argentine centers. All patients underwent a complete transthoracic echocardiogram, in which the analysis of valvular function was performed by qualified operators. Demographic variables, causes and degree of valvular function involvement were collected.

Results:

A total of 3020 patients (51.2% male) with mean age of 58.2 ± 16.8 years were included in the study. In 61.7% of patients some degree of valvular abnormality was observed; in 9.5% of cases at least one significant valve disease (moderate or greater) and in 1.7% a significant combined valve disease was observed. Four percent of the population had significant aortic stenosis, which was the most common major valve disease, followed by mitral regurgitation (2.9%) and tricuspid regurgitation (2.3%). The most frequent cause of aortic and mitral valve defect was degenerative and functional for significant tricuspid regurgitation. Significant heart valve disease increased notably with age, affecting 23.5% of patients older than 75 years. Mitral stenosis and tricuspid regurgitation were more frequent in female patients, with no gender differences in aortic valve disease and mitral regurgitation.

Conclusions:

Valvular heart diseases were a frequent finding in our population and their prevalence increased with age. Degenerative etiologies were the main cause of aortic and mitral valve involvement, while a functional etiology was responsible for most cases of tricuspid regurgitation. Gender-specific patterns were observed for mitral stenosis and tricuspid regurgitation. Our findings provide relevant unique data on the epidemiology of heart valve disease in Argentina.