Abstract

RUIZ, Ana I.; MERCADO, María I.; GUANTAY, María E.  and  PONESSA, Graciela I.. Moringa oleífera (Moringaceae): leaf and stem anatomy and histochemistry. Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot. [online]. 2019, vol.54, n.3, pp.20-30. ISSN 1851-2372.  http://dx.doi.org/10.31055/1851.2372.v54.n3.25357.

Background and aims: Moringa oleífera, is a tree grown in tropical and subtropical regions. Valorized for its múltiple uses as ornamental, food, fodder, medicinal and industrial plant, it has been recently included in the Argentinean Food Code. The objective was to study the foliar and caulinar anatomy and histochemistry of M. oleífera specimens cultivated in Tucumán, Argentina in order to indícate diagnostic value characters for their identification. M&M: The samples were analyzed under standard techniques for optical and electronic microscopy. Results: M. oleífera presents pinnately compound leaves. Leaflets with pinnate, camptodromous-brochidodromous venation. Epicuticular waxes, eglandular trichomes; actinocytic and anomocytic stomata; dorsiventral mesophyll with collateral vascular bundles. Glandular fields formed by stipitate extrafloral nectaries, glandular trichomes and unicellular non-glandular trichomes. Petiolule, rachis and petiole with circular to sub-circular shape, vascular system formed by a solitary vascular bundle or a ring of collateral vascular bundles, surrounded by sclerenchyma. Stem and petiole medulla with secretory ducts containing proteins, alkaloids, mucilages and lipids. Stem cortex with crystalline idioblasts (solitary calcium oxalate crystals). Idioblasts with phenols, tannins, saponins, triterpenes, polysaccharides and proteins were observed in leaflet, petiolule, petiole, rachis and stem. Conclusions: The foliolar architecture, the presence of glandular fields, the histology of the nectaries, and the petiole; as well as the histochemistry of its aerial vegetative organs is described for the first time for M. oleífera. The characters of diagnostic value are: trichomes, glandular fields, extrafloral nectaries, idioblasts and secretory ducts.

Keywords : Extrafloral nectary, histochemistry, leaf architecture, Moringa, morpho-anatomy, stem.

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