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Revista industrial y agrícola de Tucumán
versão On-line ISSN 1851-3018
Resumo
SANZANO, G. Agustín et al. Evaluation of soil compaction under no tillage systems in the Chacopampeana Plain in Tucumán, Argentina. Rev. ind. agric. Tucumán [online]. 2012, vol.89, n.1, pp.31-38. ISSN 1851-3018.
No-tilled soils can cause topsoil compaction as a result of the lack of soil removal and of machinery traffic. Using subsoilers can reduce this effect. This study was carried out in grain fields located at four sites in the Chacopampeana Plain, province of Tucumán, Argentina. Five no-tillage soil management situations were evaluated in terms of soil compaction degree and other related soil physical properties. These situations were: 'new soils', under no tillage management for less than five years (N); more than 10 years under no tillage management, continuously planted with soybean (SS); more than 10 years under no tillage management and soybean/corn rotation (SM); more than 10 years under no tillage management, with deep vertical tillage prior to sowing, and continuously planted with soybean (SS + LVP); and soils of more than 10 years under no tillage management, soybean/corn rotation, and deep vertical tillage before sowing (SM + LVP). Parameters evaluated before sowing were: bulk density (Dap), maximum bulk density (Dapmax), relative apparent density, penetration resistance (RP), crop residue, infiltration rate (I), and organic matter (OM). In topsoil, OM was significantly higher in N than in SS and SS + LVP, while SM and SM + LVP showed intermediate values. LVP showed significantly lower crop residues than those without LPV. In turn, SM had higher crop residues than SS. Upper 20 cm Dap was higher in all situations without LVP, except in N. In most situations, relative apparent density did not exceed 90%, considered critical for normal soybean root growth. RP was significantly lower in SS + LPV and SM + LVP than in SS and SM, respectively. Infiltration rates (I) were significantly higher in LPV than in those situations without tillage. However, N had the highest I, probably due to soil porous system conservation. It is advisable to quantify all these parameters before deciding to use deep tillage equipments.
Palavras-chave : Compaction; No-tillage; Crop rotation.
