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Revista industrial y agrícola de Tucumán

versão On-line ISSN 1851-3018

Resumo

TORTORA, María L. et al. Effect of sugar cane trash blanketing on the development of microorganisms of agronomic and environmental interest. Rev. ind. agric. Tucumán [online]. 2013, vol.90, n.1, pp.61-68. ISSN 1851-3018.

The global sugar industry is progressively moving away from pre-harvest burning to a green-cane harvesting system. It is well known that when harvest residue is returned to the soil, nutrients and organic matter increase and soil structure is improved. However, the effect of trash blanketing on the development of different soil microorganisms has not been evaluated in Tucumán, Argentina. Hence, the aim of this study was to evaluate changes in microbial populations, especially those of agronomic and environmental interest, which occur under two management situations: with and without trash blanketing. Tests were performed at Finca San Genaro, located in eastern Tucumán (Dpto. Leales), using LCP 85-384 sugar cane variety at fourth ratoon age. This means that treatments started four years before sampling. During the 2011/2012 crop cycle, in June, July, November 2011 and May 2012, soil and different tissue samples from sugar cane roots and stems were microbiologically analyzed. Microorganisms were counted using different culture media: LB for mesophilic aerobic bacteria, PGA for fungi and yeasts, CA for Pseudomonas sp., and different N-free semisolid media for micro aerobic nitrogen fixing bacteria. It was observed that trash blanketing increased the number of yeast, fungus and Pseudomonas sp. populations in soil samples during high temperature seasons. Some of these isolated fungi showed ligninolytic activity and some Pseudomonas genus bacteria were able to solubilize phosphorus, thus indicating that these microorganisms may be involved in residue decomposition. Interestingly, trash blanketing also increased the number of nitrogen fixing bacteria associated with the plant root and stem tissues from June to February. The further development of trash degrading microorganisms and a better colonization of sugar cane tissues by nitrogen fixing bacteria could improve sugar cane crop growth and development.

Palavras-chave : Sugar cane field; Trash blanket; Microbial communities.

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