Resumo

VIZGARRA, Oscar N. et al. Advances in the selection of black common bean lines with resistance to viruses, common bacterial blight and angular leaf spot adapted to some areas of the Argentine northwest. Rev. ind. agric. Tucumán [online]. 2017, vol.94, n.2, pp.59-69. ISSN 1851-3018.

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) production in Argentina is concentrated almost exclusively in the northwestern region of the country (NWA), where some of the main phytosanitary problems are viral diseases (Bean golden mosaic virus, BGMV; and Bean dwarf mosaic virus, BDMV), common bacterial blight (Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli) and angular leaf spot (Pseudocercospora griseola). Currently, all commercial varieties of black bean and of other colors that are grown in NOA show different degrees of susceptibility to these diseases, which affects the sustainability of the crop and represents an additional challenge in genetic improvement. In order to obtain genotypes with resistance to these diseases and high yields, the Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres (EEAOC) initiated in 2009 a breeding project in conjunction with the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT). Seven susceptible black bean genotypes cultivated commercially in NOA were sent to CIAT to be crossed with resistance sources. Double crosses were made and 11 populations were obtained which were evaluated and selected from F2 at different locations in the province of Tucuman and areas of influence from 2011 to 2015. In 2016 and 2017, 19 lines were evaluated in Comparative Yield Trials, where five genotypes (T- 15, T-44t, T-25, T-87, y T-177) that showed sanitary behavior superior to the controls varieties (TUC 510, TUC 550, TUC 300 and Leales 15), combining high yields and excellent commercial quality. These lines will be phenotyped under controlled conditions to complement the information obtained in the field.

Palavras-chave : genetic improvement; sanitary behavior.