Resumo

TORTORA, Maria Laura et al. Indicadores biológicos del suelo asociados a diferentes sistemas de manejo del residuo agrícola de la cosecha de la caña de azúcar. Rev. ind. agric. Tucumán [online]. 2020, vol.97, n.1, pp.17-25. ISSN 1851-3018.

Currently, the world sugar industry is replacing sugarcane burning before harvest, by the green cane harvest system. This practice constitutes a sustainable production alternative, recognized for its multiple benefits. In this work we evaluated the effects of three agricultural crop residue (RAC) management systems: as coverage (RC), mechanically incorporated (RI) and burned (RQ) on nitrogen fixing microorganisms development, total enzymatic microbial activity (FDA), nitrate reductase activity (NR), root colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (HMA) and production of proteins related to total (PRGT) and easily extractable glomalin (PRGFE). Results obtained show that different RAC management systems produced modifications on soil biological parameters, whose manifestation depends on the time of year in which evaluation was carried out. Unlike RC and RI treatments, RAC burning after harvest significantly affected FDA and NR activity, and reduced both the presence of AMF associated with the root system, and the levels of soil PRGT and PRGFE. For this reason, unlike RAC burning, RAC preservation as a soil cover or its incorporation constitutes sustainable management alternative for cane fields, because they preserve both, nitrogen fixing microorganisms and HMA, as well as different enzymatic activities, thus contributing to soil stabilization, functionality and fertility.  

Palavras-chave : sugarcane field; sustainability; bioindicators.

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