Abstract

PARYSOW, O. et al. PET-CT in Endocrinology. Rev. argent. endocrinol. metab. [online]. 2008, vol.45, n.5, pp.224-243. ISSN 1851-3034.

PET/CT scans have reached an important place in the evaluation of endocrine tumors. The metabolic marker 18F-FDG is the most widespread over the world, and, for the time being, it is the only one available in our country. The limitations of this technique in Endocrinology include high differentiation and low aggressiveness of most endocrine tumors, and low detection rate for low cellularity and/or small lesions. Indications for PET/CT scan in these tumors should be precise, due to the fact that not all of these lesions are significantly glucose-avid and to extract the maximum diagnostic efficacy of this modality to achieve the optimum diagnostic accuracy. The most important indication is DTC with high Tg levels and negative 131I scans. It is advisable to indicate a PET/CT scan in patients with Tg > 10 ng/ml and stimulated TSH (endogenous or exogenous). The aim is to locate recurrencies and metastases in order to remove them, either surgically or by any other therapy alternative to 131I. Due to higher uptake in more aggressive lesions, this study has a high prognostic value. In patients with high Tg levels, negative I-131 scan, and abnormal FDG uptake, the practitioner must act more aggressively in order to remove the pathologic foci, while with a negative FDG -PET scan, the conduct can be expectant, with periodic follow-up. The introduction of other positron-emitting tracers like 124-Iodine, is likely to yield superior quality images and provide better diagnoses. FDG has a limited efficiency in neuroendocrine tumors, unless they show a significant level of desdiffer-entiation. The scan is indicated in MTC, when calcytonin levels are above 1000 pg/ml, in order to locate the tumor sites. With the introduction of more specific positron-emitting radiopharmaceuticals, such as 18F-DOPA, 68Ga DOTA, 11C metomidate, 11C-hidroxytriptophan and others, it will be possible to study the metabolic-molecular behavior of these tumors with a more accurate approach.

Keywords : PET; Thyroid; Neuroendocrine; Cancer; Medullary.

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