Resumo

SCAGLIA, H.E. et al. Laboratory studies of several parameters aimed to elucidate the pathophysiology of polycystic ovary syndrome. Second part. Rev. argent. endocrinol. metab. [online]. 2018, vol.55, n.2, pp.41-50. ISSN 1851-3034.

Several biochemical studies in addition to the evaluation of total Testosterone (TT), bioavailable (bioT) and free (FT) have been performed to the effects that could be of greater use for the diagnosis of concomitant pathologies in the PCOS, among others. The anti-Müllerian hormone whose concentration when exceeds 3.0 ng/ml, there is evidence that 79% of these patients can be correctly identified as PCOS. The Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA), a marker of singular importance in patients with prostate cancer, with ultra-sensitive techniques, has been detected in more than 50% of women. In a group of patients with PCOS, circulating levels of PSA are significantly higher than in women without PCOS. The Kiss-1 isolated from the placenta and demonstrated in other tissues, has increased levels that correlate with LH, TT, TL and insulin resistance (IR) in adolescents with PCOS respect to adolescents without PCOS, suggesting that Kiss-1 could be involved in the development of the PCOS in these patients. In some patients with PCOS, they are associated with relevant pathologies, of which the increase in BMI, higher degree of dyslipidemia, central adiposity, IR and Metabolic Syndrome (MeS) have been reported. Those that show a classic phenotype (hyperandrogenism, alteration of the menstrual cycle and polycystic ovaries) these characteristics are of greater frequency and severity than in the other phenotypes, particularly those without hyperandrogenism. Other determinations such as TNFα, interleukins, glucose tolerance test, ApoB, small particles of LDL and Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 have been reported that could be useful to have greater sensitivity in the definition of concomitant pathology in the PCOS.

Currently, other markers such as Fetuin-A, Chemerin, Nesfatin-1 Neopterin and Endocannabinoids have been evaluated. The preliminary results suggest to be an important contribution to define MeS and IR in patient with PCOS and to try to determine its prevalence in the different phenotypes of this pathology.

Palavras-chave : Androgens; Metabolic syndrome; Cardiovascular disease.

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