Resumen

LOPEZ, Dorotea  y  MUNOZ, Felipe. Diversificación y agregación de valor, desafíos pendientes de la política económica en América Latina: perspectivas de análisis. Ciclos hist. econ. soc. [online]. 2015, vol.24, n.44, pp.46-68. ISSN 1851-3735.

There is consensus that countries in order to reach higher levels of development should direct to those activities that add value and maintain diversified productive matrix; particularly the export basket. The expectations on the results of implementing the neoliberal model and its inability to solve, in the case of Latin America, distribution problems, poverty and productive structure, coupled with the evidence in particular with reference to the cases of success of the East Asian countries, have reviewed the need for state intervention in the development strategies. The analysis of productive matrix means discussing the intervention of the state in economic development. The importance of public policies implementation that support development and productive diversification, imply a radically different state role that the one scheduled in neoliberal politics which in different degrees has being implemented in the region. The results show weaknesses in the availability or quality of public policies developed, and the need for new tools that allow us to understand the dynamics of those challenges. The objectives of economic policy oriented to diversification and increasing the value establish a relevant discussion mainly in two aspects: on one hand the role of state in development, a long debate that must constantly be rethink, particularly after the latest economic crises, and on the other the importance of building new tools that allow us to make more efficient the economic orientation processes. The first chapter reviews the role of the state and the discussion of their presence in the policy regarding industrial and trade policies. The second chapter presents the considerations that have been identified throughout the literature and some cases in particular development strategies oriented to add value and diversify. The paper proposes some indicators that can define a scheme to analyze the processes in each country.

Palabras clave : Latin America; Development; Added Value; Economic Policy.

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