Abstract

OLMOS, Valentina  and  RIDOLFI, Adriana S. Hydroarsenicism: Mechanisms of action related to arsenic toxicity. Acta toxicol. argent. [online]. 2018, vol.26, n.1, pp.32-44. ISSN 1851-3743.

Chronic exposure to inorganic arsenic (As) through drinking water leads to the development of the disease known as hydroarsenicism. This disease presents characteristic symptomatology but the mechanisms underlying most of the toxic effects produced by As are not fully understand. The molecular mechanisms of action of arsenite (binding to sulfhydryl groups) and arsenate (phosphate substitution) are well identified, however, the consequences at the subcellular, cellular, tissue and organic levels of these mechanisms still have many gaps to fill. At the subcellular and cellular level, the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are the most studied mechanisms of toxic action. They have been linked to the differentiation and proliferation of keratinocytes, endothelial dysfunction, insulin resistance, induction of lipid peroxidation in the liver, renal tubular necrosis and changes in the expression of estrogen receptor. Finally, the cellular response to unfolded proteins (as a consequence of the stress of the endoplasmic reticulum) could be a mechanism to explain the affectation of humoral and cellular immunity.

Keywords : Arsenic; Mechanisms of action; Hydroarsenicism; Oxidative stress.

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