Resumen

KAHL, Gladys Noemí et al. Hemorragia alveolar difusa: Diez años de experiencia. Rev. am. med. respir. [online]. 2016, vol.16, n.1, pp.84-89. ISSN 1852-236X.

Introduction: The registered manifestations of Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage (DAH) are influenced by the characteristics of the patients and the experience of the referral centers where they were assisted. Objectives: To describe clinical and laboratory findings, etiologies and risk factors for mortality of patients with DAH. Methods: A retrospective analysis of fibrobronchoscopy reports in patients with DAH diagnosis was carried out for the period 2003-2013, according to to immunological and non-immunological etiologies. Results: Twenty patients with clinical and pathologic signs of DAH were identified, mean age 57 years old (range 20-88). The most common signs of presentation were dyspnea and radiologic pulmonary infiltrates (100%), and anemia (95%). The classical clinical semiology of three signs (radiologic pulmonary infiltrates, anemia and hemoptisis) was present only in 4 cases (20%). The most frequent etiologies were no immunological (75%), especially infectious, oncohematologic and cardiovascular etiologies. The median hospital stay was 17.5 days (range 2-90 days). Twelve patients were admitted into the Intensive Care Unit. Case fatality was 60% (12/20 patients). The main risk factors for death were immunocompromised patients (OR 27.50; IC 95%: 1.99-378.00, p = 0.013), need for prescription of mechanical ventilation (OR was 18.00; IC 95%: 1.49-216.00, p = 0.023) and intensive care unit admission (OR 7.50 (IC 95%: 0.92-61.00, p = 0.049). Mortality at 14 days in the group not immunological was lower (p=0.007) but the overall mortality was not different (p=0.066). Conclusion: The main clinical manifestation was dyspnea, anemia and pulmonary infiltrates, while the classic triad was infrequent. In all the cases it was possible to attribute the DAH to a defined etiology. The main etiologies were no immunological. The stay in the intensive care unit, the necessity for mechanical ventilation and immunological etiologies were associated with a higher risk of mortality. The medium-term mortality was not different between the two groups.

Palabras clave : Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage; Fibrobronchoscopy.

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