Resumen

DA LOZZO, Alejandro G; JORRO BARON, Facundo A  y  GARCIA MARTI, Sebastián. Evaluación de dispositivos extracorpóreos de soporte pulmonar en adultos con insuficiencia pulmonar aguda severa. Rev. am. med. respir. [online]. 2016, vol.16, n.4, pp.350-364. ISSN 1852-236X.

Introduction: Acute lung injury (ALI) is associated with high mortality rates. Treatment is based on mechanical ventilation (MV). Extracorporeal lung support (ECLS) devices can provide sufficient gas exchange in patients with ALI when hypoxemia or hypercapnia persists with severe respiratory acidosis despite usual treatment. A pump can be used (ExtraCorporeal Membrane Oxigenator - ECMO) or not (pumpless ExtraCorporeal Lung Support - pECLA) towards to move blood stream in these devices. ECMO and pECLA are authorized in Argentina, UK, USA and most European countries. Objective: To evaluate decreasement in mortality with ECLS+MV vs. MV alone in adult patients with severe ALI. To evaluate MV-free-28-days, hospital length of stay (LOS), ICU LOS, differences in hemodynamic and respiratory parameters in vvECMO vs. pECLA. Cost-effectiveness will be evaluated. Methods: A systematic review in Tripdatabase, Pubmed, general search engines and specific sites was made. Coverage policies were sought. Results: 4 randomized controlled trials, 8 case series, 4 secondary studies, 2 economic evaluations and 1 sanitary technology evaluation were found. UK and USA coverage policies were located. Conclusions: ECLS+VM demonstrated reduction in 30-days-mortality compared to VM alone. No other differences (MV-free-28-days, LOS, ICU LOS) were found. Evidence about use of pECLA is low quality. There is no evidence in mortality reduction with pECLA. Hemodynamic parameters are not modified by vvECMO nor pECLA. avECMO is useful in hemodynamic instability. ECLS enhances lung gas transfer (CO2 arterial pressure reduction and O2 arterial pressure increase). More important benefits are achieved in hypercapnia treatment where pECLA seem to be more suitable because of its lower complexity and cost. There is lower complication rates in pECLA vs. vvECMO, particularly respect to coagulation and hemolysis complications. Indications should be strictly controlled and monitored. There is high recommendation on referral to high-volume centers for use of ECLS. ECMO is cost effective in US and UK health systems with USD 7,000-35,000 per life year or QALY gained and £ 19,252 (95% CI 7622-59200) for pECLA.

Palabras clave : Dispositivos extracorpóreos; Soporto pulmonar; Insuficiencia pulmonar severa.

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