Resumen

MANTILLA, Diego; ECHIN, Mónica Liliana  y  PEREL, Cecilia. Cardiovascular system and hyperthyroidism: Pathophysiological bases and its clinical manifestation. Insuf. card. [online]. 2010, vol.5, n.4, pp.157-177. ISSN 1852-3862.

The thyroid gland and the heart are closely related physiologically, this concept is reinforced by the predictable change in cardiovascular function in various thyroid disorders. To understand, diagnose and treat heart diseases that accompany hyperthyroidism is important to understand the cellular mechanisms of action of thyroid hormones (TH) on the heart and smooth muscle cells. The aim of this review is to reinforce the mechanisms of action of TH on the heart and peripheral vascular system, anatomic and structural changes that occur at myocardial level, interaction with the sympathetic nervous system, impaired electrical activity, hemodynamic changes on myocardial contractility and ventricular relaxation. The clinical manifestations of hyperthyroidism can lead to symptoms such as palpitations initial advance to a state of greater complexity such as heart failure (HF), an entity of high morbidity and mortality, could be expressed with rhythm disturbances, damage and impaired ventricular function valve, which left to their natural evolution may lead to death of the patient, giving relevance to the early recognition by professionals of the hormonal etiology of HF and/or the cause of his decompensation. This diagnosis allows early treatment and effective as euthyroid states lead to the normalization of cardiovascular disease in most patients.

Palabras clave : Hyperthyroidism; Thyroid hormone; Cardiovascular system; Atrial fibrillation; Heart failure; Myocardial damage; Pulmonary hypertension.

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