Resumo

SOSA LIPRANDI, Álvaro et al. Role of aldosterone blockade in the treatment of refractory arterial hypertension and hyperaldosteronism. Insuf. card. [online]. 2013, vol.8, n.1, pp.15-19. ISSN 1852-3862.

Blocking the adverse effects of the rennin-angiotensin system has been a major focus of drug development for the treatment of cardiovascular disease over the last 30 years. Plasma aldosterone levels are only transiently decreased suppressed after the initiation of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors treatment and has been shown that aldosterone causes adverse effects on the cardiovascular system independent of angiotensin II. In two consecutive meetings, 50 experts critically reviewed the available evidence. The present document reflects the consensus of the subject: "Role of aldosterone blockade in the treatment of refractory arterial hypertension and hyperaldosteronism". Clinical interest in blocking aldosterone in patients treated with ACE inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) was stimulated by the Randomized Aldactone Evaluation Study (RALES), which demonstrated that the mineralocorticoid (MC) antagonist spironolactone reduced the risk of all-cause mortality as well as hospitalizations for heart failure (HF) in patients with severe NYHA Class III-IV HF and a reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). The refractory arterial hypertension (RAH) is a common medical problem that affects from 10% to 30% of hypertensive patients, according to the study population. Studies in RAH are limited by the high cardiovascular risk of these patients. The role of aldosterone perpetuate refractoriness through its known effect of sodium and water retention and production of endothelial dysfunction have motivated the use of mineralocorticoid receptor blockers, demonstrating a dramatic reduction in the systolic and diastolic blood pressure, by what use is currently recommended as a fourth-line treatment in patients with RAH who did not respond to appropriate therapy previously (Guide to the European Society of Hypertension / European Society of Cardiology 2007).

Palavras-chave : Blocking aldosterone; Refractory arterial hypertension; Spironolactone; Eplerenone.

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