Abstract

AVAYU, Daniel H. et al. Acute aortic regurgitation due to spontaneous rupture of an aortic sigmoid: Report of nine cases. Insuf. card. [online]. 2016, vol.11, n.1, pp.34-39. ISSN 1852-3862.

Antecedents. Aortic valvular regurgitation has diverse mechanisms, forms of presentation and etiology. The cause like spontaneous rupture is very rare and literature is limited isolated reports of cases. Objective. To evaluate the clinic pathological correlation of rupture or fenestration or eversion spontaneous aortic valve and its presentation. Materials. Observational, retrospective study of 9 patients with new onset diastolic murmur, 7 men of 28, 36, 42, 53, 56 and two of 58 years and 2 women of 66 and 75 years; who they were admitted for further deterioration of the New York Heart Association functional class (NYHA FC). Results. The mode of presentation was to further deterioration of the FC in younger patients (NYHA FC III/IV). Doppler echocardiography color showed: a) mild to moderate myxomatous degeneration of the aortic valve, tricuspid in 8 patients and one bicuspid; b) the everted aortic cusp was the right coronary cusp in 8 patients and in one patient, male, left sigmoid; all with break and wide fenestration protrusion or outflow tract of the left ventricle; c) severe aortic regurgitation; d) dilated left cavity and moderate to severe systolic dysfunction; e) mitral valve myxomatous degeneration with mild without prolapse; f) moderate pulmonary hypertension; f) no valvular vegetations were identified and there were no signs of acute or cured endocarditis in all patients. It was referred to surgery 100% of patients 1 immediate post operative death (11.1%), 2 deaths in pre-surgical (22.2%) and 3 patients with successful surgeries (33.3%), evolution is unknown the other patients. Conclusions. 1) The pathogenesis of this one affection would be the mixomatosis of cusp and the ring to valvular aortic. In 88.8% of cases he corresponded to rupture the right coronary cusp. 2) A fenestrated cusp in extensive form with an expanded aortic ring of degenerative cause can cause chronic insufficiency or sudden deterioration after the rupture of a one cusp valvular. 3) No infectious and no traumatic rupture of cord-like aortic valve structures may result in severe acute aortic regurgitation. Particularly in men with chronic hypertension.

Keywords : Acute aortic regurgitation; Spontaneous rupture; Sigmoid aortic valve; Right coronary cusp.

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