Abstract

REMIS, María Isabel. Análisis de la estructura poblacional. BAG, J. basic appl. genet. [online]. 2011, vol.22, n.1. ISSN 1852-6233.

The study of the population structure allows analyzing the distribution of the variability within and among natural populations interpreting the processes that shape variation. In the laboratory of Genetics of the Population Structure of the Department of Ecology, Genetics and Evolution (F. C. E. yN., UBA) intraspecific variability analysis are carried out using chromosome, molecular and morphometric markers in organisms of agronomic or evolutionary importance using species of grasshoppers and marine vertebrates as biological models. In Orthoptera cytogenetic studies clarifed the mechanisms of coevolution between dispensable genomic elements (chromosomes B) and the host genome (A chromosomes) and provided the opportunity to analyze the variability associated with chromosomal rearrangements (centric fusions; pericentric inversions) which modify the number of independent linkage groups. The analysis of the relationships between morphometric and climatic/environmental variables allow inferring important aspects of the phenotypic evolution. Cytogenetic and morphometric simultaneous studies analyzed the effects of the karyotype and phenotype on fitness components providing direct evidence of the adaptive significance of the chromosomal polymorphisms. Studies using molecular markers (RFLP, DAMD RAPD) analyzed the genetic population structure as well as the gene fow between populations. Morphometric and molecular studies (DNA sequences, microsatellites) in vertebrate marine identifed genetically distinct groups of organisms that should be conserved. The emerged results interpreted the adaptive strategies of Orthoptera species considered plagues as well as provided information to implement mitigation measures and plans for conservation in marine vertebrate species.

Keywords : Population structure; Molecular and chromosome markers; Morphometric traits.

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