Abstract

BRANDI, Claudio; AMBROSIS, Mariana; BARRAUD, Carlos  and  ARGIBAY, Pablo. Ingeniería de tejidos y cirugía de la pared abdominal: prototipo de bioprótesis. Rev. argent. cir. [online]. 2013, vol.105, n.1, pp.7-14. ISSN 2250-639X.

Background: The current trend is to repair large abdominal wall defects with polypropylene mesh (PP). This polymer has good resistance to intra-abdominal pressure but may produce bowel adhesion and infection. Biological meshes were developed with the aim of avoiding these complications. They are composed of collagen connective tissue derived from decellularized porcine, bovine or human origin. One possibility is to culture current autologous mesenchymal stem cells on biological meshes for the latter to serve as a scaffold for the development of stem cells. Thus, a bioartificial hybrid mesh could be created, composed of a polypropylene mesh and a biological mesh cultured with autologous stem cells. The polypropylene component provides resistance and the biological mesh (cultured with stem cells), may provide anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties favoring tissue regeneration, reducing intestinal adhesion, enterocutaneous fistula, and infection. The hypothesis is that a mixed biological component (SIS-cells) reduce the inflammatory reaction and the adhesions to the intestinal tissue generated by polypropylene meshes. Objectives: To describe the technique of obtaining pig xenogenic matrix combined with recellularization of human stem cell derived from human adipose tissue. Materials and methods: Stage I: To obtain decellularized small intestine submucosa (SIS), 15 Kg male pigs were used. Small intestine was resected, the SIS prepared and decellularized. Stage II (recellularization by cell culture on SIS). Stem cell seeding: A) 3T3 cell line (embryonic mouse fibroblasts) B) Mesenchymal cells from human adipose tissue. Results: All the stages of obtaining SIS cells, decellularization and culture with mesenchymal cell from human adipose tissue were successfully achieved. Discussion: The polypropylene component provides the strength needed to repair large abdominal wall defects. The SIS may provide a scaffold for the development of mesenchymal cells from human adipose tissue with the ability for differentiation, inhibition of inflammatory processes, as a source of trophic factors and regeneration of tissues. We believe that the association of synthetic materials with engineered tissue can help to repair serious defects of the abdominal wall. Conclusion: Our preliminary results indicate the feasibility of culturing small intestine submucosa (SIS) with human mesenchymal adipose cells.

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