Resumo

PIERINI, María de los Milagros. Rural education from the perspective of a regional history of Southern Patagonia. Hist. educ. anu. [online]. 2016, vol.17, n.1, pp.23-49. ISSN 2313-9277.

Rural education has taken second place in the educational system. According to Latin American countries rural education was oriented towards different sectors: agriculture, indigenous, peasant or a political event as the Mexican Revolution of 1910. It also studies analyzed different aspects: the urban social control, the relationship between the school and the state, the urban imaginary "idealized" life of the field, the governmental structure or local studies and modernization of agriculture. As for Argentina, although the 1420 Law garanted to rural education a dual mission: provide literacy and notions of agriculture, in reality the system prioritized first. If we analyze the situation of Santa Cruz in light of studies on Santa Fe we can find common: labor unskilled, the small rural school population, the presence of civil society in sustaining the school establecimento and reproduction urban school contents. The provincialization of Santa Cruz in 1957 implied changes in its educational policy that showed in the support of the existing educational system and the making of non-existent levels and modalities, as was the case of rural education. This modality had to face various factors: a remarkably large and uninhabited territory, extensive sheep farming which required little stable labor and the experience of the pupils' parents who had to send them away from home to get formal education. The innovation was the interest of the State to provide education for all the children and to instate an "argentinizing" school on the border with Chile. We could typify these schools as of "mixed management": the academic aspect was handled by the State which took care of the appointment and the salary of the teacher, the issuance, supervision and certification of the syllabus; while the educational infrastructure was provided by the farm where the school stood. We could then say that, in its origins, Rural Education in Santa Cruz was the continuer and the overcomer of the private education which had been delivered at home to the children in rural areas.

Palavras-chave : rural education; perspective; regional history; Southern Patagonia; Santa Cruz.

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