The adult stages of Nanomis and Spiritiops (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae)

 Los estados adultos de Nanomis y Spiritiops (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae)

Salles, Frederico Falcão* and Carolina Nieto **

*Centro Universitário Norte do Espírito Santo, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Brazil, CEP 29933-415, São Mateus, Espírito Santo, Brazil; e-mail: ffsalles@gmail.com
**CONICET-Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Miguel Lillo 205, 4.000 Tucumán, Argentina; e-mail: carolinanieto@csnat.unt.edu.ar

ABSTRACT. The adult stages of Nanomis Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty and Spiritiops Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty are described for the first time based on reared material from Argentina and Brazil, respectively. They can be differentiated from the other adults of Baetidae by the following characters: Nanomis, hind wings with three longitudinal veins, second vein bifurcate; costal projection of the hind wings pointed, placed in the basal third of anterior margin; and forceps threesegmented, third segment rounded. Spiritiops, fore wings with paired and long marginal intercalary veins; hind wings with three complete longitudinal veins, and an incomplete small longitudinal vein; costal projection of hind wings pointed, broad at base and placed in the basal third of anterior margin; forceps threesegmented, second segment constricted and third segment elongate and narrowed.

KEY WORDS. Description; Taxonomy; Neotropical Region.

RESUMEN. Los estados adultos de Nanomis Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty y Spiritiops Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty se describen por primera vez sobre la base de material criado de Argentina y Brasil respectivamente. Se distinguen de los restantes adultos de Baetidae por la siguiente combinación de caracteres: Nanomis, alas posteriores con tres venas longitudinales, la segunda bifurcada; proyección costal de las alas posteriores aguda, ubicada basalmente en el margen anterior del ala; fórceps trisegmentados, tercer segmento redondeado. Spiritiops, alas anteriores con venas marginales intercalares pares; alas posteriores con 3 venas longitudinales completas y una vena longitudinal corta e incompleta; proyección costal de las alas posteriores aguda apicalmente y con base ancha, ubicada en el tercio basal del margen anterior; fórceps trisegmentados, segundo segmento con una constricción y tercer segmento alargado y angosto.

PALABRAS CLAVE. Descripción; Taxonomía; Región Neotropical.

INTRODUCTION

Nanomis Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty and Spiritiops Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty, as are several other genera of South American Baetidae (Ephemeroptera), are known only at the immature stage. There is a single species described for each one of them: N. galera Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty, widely distributed from Colombia and Ecuador to Argentina (Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty, 1999); and S. silvudus Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty, known from central and northern Brazil and French Guiana (Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty, 1998; Salles et al., 2004). The nymph described as Centroptilum sp. by Demoulin (1966), clearly belongs to Spiritiops, and therefore the genus is also reported from Surinam.
In the present paper the adult stages of both genera are described for the first time, based on reared material from Argentina and Brazil. Material deposition is as follows: Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil (INPA), Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, São Mateus, Brazil (UFES), Instituto-Fundación Miguel Lillo, Tucúman, Argentina (IFML).

RESULTS

Nanomis Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty, 1999 (Figs. 1-5)

Figs. 1-5. Nanomis galera, male imago. 1, Dorsal view of head and thorax; 2, lateral view of head and thorax; 3, wings (a, fore wing; b, hind wing); 4, hind wing (enlarged); 5, Genitalia, ventral view.

Nanomis Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty, 1999: 100; Domínguez et al., 2006: 165.

Male imago. Turbinate eyes oval dorsally, height of stalk half the length of eye width (Figs. 1, 2). Fore wings with paired marginal intercalary veins (Fig. 3a). Hind wings with three longitudinal veins, second vein bifurcate, costal projection pointed, basally narrow and placed in the basal third of anterior margin, 2-3 marginal veins (Figs. 3b, 4). Metascutellum with a small posteriorly directed projection (Fig. 2). Forceps threesegmented, segment I about as long as wide, third segment ovate and rounded (Fig. 5).

Nanomis galera Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty, 1999

Nanomis galera Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty, 1999: 100; Domínguez et al., 2006: 167.

Male imago. Length: body, 5.5-5.7 mm. Fore wings, 7.8-7.9 mm; hind wings, 1.4-1.5 mm. General coloration reddish brown. Head yellowish brown. Antennae yellowish brown. Turbinate eyes, dorsal portion pale brownish, ventral portion blackish. Thorax: pronotum reddish brown, meso- and metanota yellowish brown. Legs pale yellow. Leg I: tibia 1.5 times the length of femur, tarsi 1.3 times the length of femur and with four segments decreasing in length apically. Legs II and III: tibia subequal in length to the femur, tarsi half the length of femur. Wings hyaline except the costal and subcostal area translucent. Abdomen, terga reddish brown, sterna whitish. Cerci pale yellow.

Female imago. Length: body, 7.2-7.3 mm. Fore wings, 9.2-9.3 mm; hind wings, 1.8-1.9 mm. General coloration yellowish brown. Head pale yellow. Thorax yellowish brown. Legs yellow. Abdomen, terga reddish brown, sterna pale yellow. Cerci pale yellow.

Material examined. 2 male imagos (reared), 1 female imago, 20 nymphs: ARGENTINA. Tucumán: río Medina, S 26º32'27'', W 65º01'45'', 860 m, 14/ vi/ 2001, Molineri, Manzo, Orce y Nieto cols.; 2 male imagos and 1 female subimago (reared) and 22 male imagos: 1 male imago (reared): Raco, R.P. 341 (km 19), Aº Palangana, S 26º39'59'', W 65º24'49'', 28/ xii/ 2000, Molineri col.; 1 female and 1 male subimagos (reared): Escaba, río Singuil, 5/ viii/ 1999, Molineri col.; 1 male subimago (reared): Salta: Campo Quijano, 1600 m, 30/ i/ 1996, Molineri col.; 1 male subimago (reared): P.N. El Rey, Aº Los Puestos, S 24º47'48'', W 64º37'19'', 24/ iii/ 1999, Molineri & Romero cols. Material housed at IFML except: 1 male imago (reared): Depto. Trancas, La Toma, río Vipos, 27/ iv/ 1997, Molineri col., housed at UFES.

Discussion. Adults of Nanomis can be distinguished from the other genera of South American Baetidae by the following combination of characters: 1) hind wings with three longitudinal veins, second vein bifurcate; 2) costal projection of the hind wings pointed placed in the basal third of anterior margin; 3) forceps three-segmented, third segment ovate and rounded.
Nanomis would key out in Domínguez et al. (2006) as Andesiops Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty, but can be distinguished from this genus by the shape of the third segment of the forceps (ovate rounded in Nanomis, narrow elongate in Andesiops).

Spiritiops Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty, 1998 (Figs. 6-10)

Figs. 6-10. Spiritiops silvudus, male imago. 6, Dorsal view of head; 7, lateral view of head; 8, wings (a, fore wing; b, hind wing); 9, hind wing (enlarged); 10, Genitalia, ventral view.

Spiritiops Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty, 1998: 64; Orth et al., 2000: 36; Domínguez et al., 2006: 177.

Male imago. Turbinate eyes oval dorsally, almost contiguous along posterior half (Fig. 7); height of stalk less than half of eye width (Fig. 6). Fore wings with paired marginal intercalary veins, these veins longer than respective space between main longitudinal veins (Fig. 8a). Hind wings with three complete longitudinal veins, and a single marginal vein; costal projection broadly pointed, basally broad and placed in the basal third of anterior margin (Figs. 8b, 9). Metascutellum with a small projection. Forceps three-segmented, segment I 1.5 times wider than long, second segment basally constricted, giving the impression of two segments, third segment elongate and narrow (Fig. 10).

Spiritiops silvudus Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty, 1998

Spiritiops silvudus Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty, 1998: 66; Salles et al., 2004: 6; Domínguez et al., 2006: 177.

Male imago. Length: body, 5.2-5.6 mm. Fore wings, 5.0-5.2 mm; hind wings, 0.8 mm. General coloration yellowish white tinged with green (after a short period in alcohol the specimens lose their greenish coloration). Head yellowish white with greenish marks as in Fig. 6. Antennae hyaline to whitish, slightly washed with yellow. Dorsal portion of turbinate eyes orange, apical half of stalk grayish (Fig. 6). Thorax: pro and mesonotum yellowish white, metanotum whitish grey; pro, meso and metasterna whitish. Legs hyaline to whitish, slightly washed with yellow. Leg I: tibia 1.3 times the length of femur, tarsi 1.3 times the length of femur and with four segments decreasing in length apically. Legs II: tibia 1.5 times the length of femur, tarsi the length of femur. Legs III: tibia 1.4 times the length of femur, tarsi the length of femur. Wings hyaline except for apical half of costal and subcostal area translucent. Abdomen: terga 1 to 7 hyaline, 8 to 10 whitish; anterior half of terga 1 to 8 tinged with green. Sterna and cerci whitish.

Female subimago. Length: body, 6.3 mm. Fore wings, 6.0 mm; hind wings, 0.8 mm. General coloration yellowish white tinged with green. Head yellowish white with greenish marks. Thorax yellowish white. Legs hyaline to whitish. Abdomen yellowish white with greenish marks as in male imago. Cerci whitish.

Material examined. 2 male imagos, 5 male subimagos, 1 female subimago (reared): BRAZIL: Amazonas, Manaus, Igarapé da Onça, Rodovia AM 240, Km 20, x/ 2004, Salles col. (one male imago and two male subimagos housed at UFES, the remaining at INPA).

Discussion. Adults of Spiritiops can be distinguished from the other genera of South American Baetidae by the following combination of characters: 1) fore wings with paired long marginal intercalary veins; 2) hind wings with three complete longitudinal veins, and a single marginal vein; 3) costal projection of the hind wings broadly pointed, broad at base and placed in the basal third of anterior margin; 4) forceps three-segmented, second segment basally constricted and third segment elongate and narrow.
Spiritiops would key out in Domínguez et al. (2006) as Fallceon Waltz & McCafferty, but can be distinguished from this genus by the shape of the costal process of the hind wing (hooked in most species of Fallceon, erect in Spiritiops), and by the length of the marginal intercalary veins (long in Spiritiops and short in Fallceon).

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The authors would like to thank Dr. Neusa Hamada and Dr. Ana Pes (INPA) for their help during the collection of Spiritiops in Presidente Figueiredo. Also, the financial support from the Argentine National Council of Scientific and Technological Research (CONICET), to which the second author belongs, is acknowledged.

LITERATURE CITED

1. DEMOULIN, G. 1966. Contribution à l'étude des Ephéméroptères du Surinam. Bulletin de l'Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique 42 (37): 1- 22.
2. DOMINGUEZ, E., C. MOLINERI, M. L. PESCADOR, M. D. HUBBARD & C. NIETO. 2006. Ephemeroptera of South America. Aquatic Biodiversity of Latin America. Vol. 2. J. Adis, J. R. Arias, G. Rueda-Delgado & K. M. Wantzen (Eds). Moscow and Sofia.
3. LUGO-ORTIZ, C. R. & W. P. McCAFFERTY. 1998. Five new genera of Baetidae (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) from South America. Annales de Limnologie 34 (1): 57-73.
4. LUGO-ORTIZ, C. R. & W. P. McCAFFERTY. 1999. Three new genera of small minnow mayflies (Insecta: Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) from the Andes and Patagonia. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment 34: 88-104.
5. ORTH, K., A. THOMAS, C. DAUTA, V. HOREAU, S. BROSSE, & C. ADEMMER. 2000. Les Éphémerès de la Guyane Française. 1. Premier inventaire générique, à but de biosurveillance (Ephemeroptera). Ephemera 2 (1): 25-38.
6. SALLES, F. F., J. D. BATISTA & H. R. S. CABETTE. 2004. Baetidae (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) de Nova Xavantina, Mato Grosso, Brasil: Novos registros e descrição de uma nova espécie de Cloeodes Traver. Biota Neotropica 4 (2):1-8.        [ Links ]         [ Links ]         [ Links ]         [ Links ]         [ Links ]         [ Links ]

Recibido: 29-06-2007;
Aceptado: 1-11-2007