SciELO - Scientific Electronic Library Online

 
vol.73Producción de callos e inducción de plantas de Digitaria eriantha Avanzada INTA in vitroMorpho-anatomical characters and secondary metabolites from Psittacanthus calyculatus (Loranthaceae) índice de autoresíndice de materiabúsqueda de artículos
Home Pagelista alfabética de revistas  

Servicios Personalizados

Revista

Articulo

Indicadores

  • No hay articulos citadosCitado por SciELO

Links relacionados

Compartir


Phyton (Buenos Aires)

versión On-line ISSN 1851-5657

Phyton (B. Aires) v.73  Vicente López ene./dic. 2004

 

ARTÍCULOS ORIGINALES

Phototoxic compounds in 3 Dyssodia species (Asteraceae) (with 1 figure)

Pérez-Amador MC1, J Herrera1, V Muñoz1, J Vives1, F García-Jiménez 2

1Facultad de Ciencias, Depto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Ciudad Universitaria. 04510-México, D.F., México
2Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Ciudad Universitaria.04510-México, D.F., México

Recibido 15.X.2003: aceptado 19.XI.2003

Abstract. From the root of Dyssodia tagetoides T. & G. two phototoxic compounds were isolated,a polyacetylene ester and a thiophene ester, which were used as markers of the genus.
   On the other hand, an intraspecific and interspecific comparison of the chromatografic profiles of D. porophylla (Cav.) Cav. and D. papposa (Vent.) Hitche stems and roots was made. The profiles showed great similarity as well as the spots corresponding to the markers thus establishing a relationship between the 3 species.

Resumen. De la raíz de Dyssodia tagetoides T. & G. se aislaron dos compuestos fototóxicos, un éster poliacetilénico y uno tiofénico, que se emplearon como marcadores del género.
   Por otra parte, se realizó una comparación intra e interespecífica de los perfiles cromatográficos de raíz y tallos de D. porophylla (Cav.) Cav. y D. papposa (Vent.) Hitche. Los perfiles mostraron gran similitud y también las manchas correspondientes a los marcadores, estableciéndose así una relación entre las 3 especies estudiadas.

   Dyssodia, a genus that belongs to the family Asteraceae is found mainly in the dry region of the tropics and subtropics of North and Central America. It comprises 32 species and 12 varieties (2).
   
In continuation of our search for phototoxic compounds in Asteraceae, we report here the isolation of a polyacetylene ester and a thiophene ester from the root of Dyssodia tagetoides. These compounds were used as markers for the chromatographic profiles of stems and roots of D. papposa and D. porophylla. Also the phototoxic activity of the hexane extracts of the three species was evaluated against Bacillus subtilis.

MATERIAL & METHODS

   Dyssodia tagetoides T. & G. was collected in Matehuala, San Luis Potosí; D. porophylla (Cav.) Cav. and D. papposa (Vent.) Hitche were collected in Santo Domingo Huehuetlán, Puebla Mexico. Voucher specimens were deposited at the Herbarium of Facultad de Ciencias, UNAM (FCME) (D. tagetoides) and at the Herbarium of the Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (HUAP) (D. porophylla and D. papposa).
   
Extraction. The dry and ground stems and roots of the plants were extracted with hexane at room temperature (24 h, 3x) and the solvent was eliminated at reduced pressure.
   
Compound isolation. The fluorescent fractions of the root extract of D. tagetoides were separated on a silica gel column and chromatographed by HPLC in a Varian 85000 apparatus with a Si-10, 50 cm. X 8 mm. column. The spectroscopic analysis of the resulting compounds was carried out for structure determination.
   
Chromatographic profiles. The profiles of D. papposa and D. porophylla stems and roots were determined on silica gel plates using as a mobile phase hexane - AcOEt 85:15; the thiophene and polyacetylene esters, isolated from D. tagetoides were used as markers.
   
Phototoxic activity. The bioassay was carried out with Bacillus subtilis ATCC-6051 in the usual manner (1), at a bacterial concentration of 107 UFC and with 0.1, 0.25 and 0.5 mg/ml of the extracts.

RESULTS & DISCUSSION

   Two phototoxic compounds were isolated, a polyacetylene (Fig. 1a) and a thiophene (Fig. 1b) derivatives. Their structures were determined by UV, IR, PMR and MS spectroscopy; 1a could be considered the precursor of 1b.

   Polyacetylene ester. UV: 220, 245, 252, 348 nm; IR: 3004 (H-CºC),2150, 2234 (-CºC-), 1708 (carbonyl) cm-1; PMR: 0.88 (CH3-), 1.89 (-CH2-), 2.48 (H-CºC-) ppm; MS: M+ 432, m/z 165 (polyacetylene moiety, m/z 267 (C18fatty acid moiety).
   
Thiophene ester. UV: 196, 198, 200, 235, 335 nm; IR: 3038,3006 (aromatic),2470 (-CºC-), 1736, 1705 (carbonyl) cm-1; PMR: 2.1 (CH3-, acetate), 2.8 (H-CºC-), 4.25 (H, base of the acetate), 6.8-7.2 (5 H, thiophenic) ppm; MS: M+ 418, m/z 291 (bithienyl moiety), m/z 127 (C8 fatty acid moiety).
   
Chromatographic profiles. Compounds 1a and 1b were used as chemical markers in the profiles of D. papposa and D. porophylla stems and roots. Both markers were found in the two species.
   
In the intraspecific comparison, root and stem profiles of the two species were identical (same number of spots and their Rf); in D. papposa the spots had the same concetration in both parts of the plant, in D. porophylla they were slightly more concentrated in roots.
   
The interspecific comparison showed a small difference. Dyssodia papposa has an intense spot at Rf 0.61 which is not present in the profile of D. porophylla.
   
This chromatografic analysis suggests that there is a close chemical resemblance between the 2 species studied, and the presence of the markers indicate also a relationship with D. tagetoides.
   
Phototoxic activity. All extracts showed bioactivity against Bacillus subtilis after irradiation with UV light; the stems were more active than the roots. In D. porophylla there was a bacterial growth inhibition of 88 and 60 % respectively; D. Papposa had an 80 and 40 % and D. tagetoides, 72 and 64%, with respect to the ampiciline control (0.05 mg) and at an extract concentration of 0.5 mg/ml.

REFERENCES

1.Pérez-Amador MC, et. al., FYTON, 56 (1994) 143        [ Links ]

2.Strother JL, Systematics of Dyssodia cavanilles (Compositae: Tagetae). Univ. Calif. Press. Los Angeles, EUA (1969) p 1        [ Links ]

Creative Commons License Todo el contenido de esta revista, excepto dónde está identificado, está bajo una Licencia Creative Commons